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Ionic meter The ionic is a four-syllable metrical unit ''(metron)'' of light-light-heavy-heavy (‿ ‿ — —) that occurs in ancient Greek and Latin poetry. Like the choriamb, in classical quantitative verse the ionic never appears in passages meant to be spoken rather than sung.〔James Halporn, Martin Ostwald, and Thomas Rosenmeyer, ''The Meters of Greek and Latin Poetry'' (Hackett, 1994, originally published 1963), pp. 29–31.〕 "Ionics" may refer inclusively to poetry composed of the various metrical units of the same total quantitative length (six morae) that may be used in combination with ionics proper: ionics, choriambs, and anaclasts.〔Halporn ''et al.'', ''Meters'', p. 125.〕 Equivalent forms exist in English poetry. ==Examples of ionics== Pure examples of Ionic metrical structures occur in verse by Alcman (frg. 46 ''PMG'' = 34 D), Sappho (frg. 134-135 LP), Alcaeus (frg. 10B LP), Anacreon, and the Greek dramatists,〔Halporn ''et al.'', ''Meters'', p. 23.〕 including the first choral song of Aeschylus' ''Persians'' and in Euripides' ''Bacchae''.〔Graham Ley, ''The Theatricality of Greek Tragedy'' (University of Chicago Press, 2007), 139, citing the work of Dale (1969).〕 Like dochmiacs, the ionic meter is characteristically experienced as expressing excitability.〔Ley, ''The Theatricality of Greek Tragedy'', 171; Edwards, ''Sound, Sense, and Rhythm'', p. 68, note 17.〕 The form has been linked tentatively with the worship of Cybele and Dionysus.〔Ley, ''The Theatricality of Greek Tragedy'', 139, citing the work of Dale (1969).〕 An example of pure ionics in Latin poetry is found as a "metrical experiment" in the ''Odes'' of Horace, Book 3, poem 12, which draws on Archilochus and Sappho for its content and utilizes a metrical line that appears in a fragment of Alcaeus.〔Paul Shorey, ''Horace: Odes and Epodes'' (Boston, 1898), p. 346.〕 The anacreontic may be analyzed as a syncopated form of ionics, ‿ ‿ — ‿ — ‿— —. The galliambic is a catalectic ionic tetrameter;〔Halporn ''et al.'', ''Meters'', p. 23.〕 Catullus used galliambic meter for his ''Carmen'' 63 on the mythological figure Attis, a portion of which is spoken in the person of Cybele.
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